Production and supply
|
| |
| Afghanistan
Opium Survey 2009 December 2009 |
| The Afghanistan Opium Survey 2009 confirms that market forces are moving
against the Afghan drugs trade as prices, revenues and excess production
have put a damper on supply. 147-page PDF [UNODC] |
| |
| Cocaine
Trafficking to Europe October 2009 |
| Options of Supply Control. 37-page PDF [German Institute for International
and Security Affairs] |
| |
| FEAD (Film Exchange on Alcohol and
Drugs) August 2009 |
| A resource that brings short video presentations from leading figures
in the alcohol and drugs field direct to your screen. The contributors
cover a range of topics honestly and directly - including: achievements,
problem areas, and reflections on the field's history. Many people have
found the website useful in helping discussions and expanding on practice
and theory. Please feel free to use the material to enrich your events,
seminars, groups, teaching etc |
| |
| Report
on Global Illicit Drug Markets 1998-2007 March
2009 |
| This report on the world’s illicit drugs markets
has been produced by an international team of experts on behalf of the
European Commission. 74-page PDF [Europa] |
| |
| On
the synthetic drugs trail March 2009 |
| UNODC has just launched an innovative online report highlighting
developments in the global synthetic drugs scene [UNODC] |
| |
| Afghanistan February
2009 |
| Opium Winter Assessment. 48-page PDF [UNODC] |
| |
| Home
Office cannabis potency study January 2009 |
| In 2006, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs
(ACMD) reviewed the classification of cannabis (Reference 1). One of the
recommendations was that a further study should be carried out to determine
the market share of different types of cannabis and their potencies. In
view of current scientific interest in the role of CBD, it was decided
that this should also be measured. 20-page PDF [Home Office, UK] |
| |
| Withdrawal
Symptoms January 2009 |
| Withdrawal Symptoms in the Golden Triangle: A Drugs Market
in Disarray. 100-page
PDF [TNI] |
| |
| New
Report on Cocaine Smuggling January 2009 |
| The counterdrug community estimates that between 545
and 707 metric tons of cocaine departed South America toward the United
States in 2007. 9-page PDF [ONDCP, USA] |
| |
| Crops
for illicit use and ecocide January 2009 |
| Are illicit crops really the main cause of damage to
the ecosystem in Colombia? 20-page
PDF [TNI, Netherlands] |
| |
| The
Precursor Chemical Trade Environment in Oceania December
2008 |
| The manufacture and use of, and trade in, chemicals that
can be used to produce illicit drugs. 125-page PDF [Australian Institute
of Criminology] |
| |
| Monitoring
the supply of cocaine to Europe October 2008 |
| This datasheet provides a short review of key issues
relating to how cocaine is manufactured in Latin America and transported
to European consumers via the Atlantic, Caribbean and west Africa. It also
looks at the destabilising effect of the cocaine trade on producer and
transshipment countries. 29-page
PDF [EMCDDA] |
| |
| Drug
trafficking as a security threat in West Africa October 2008 |
| According to a new 54-page
PDF report, a declining US cocaine market and a rising European one
appear to have prompted South American cocaine traffickers to make use
of low-governance areas in West Africa as transit zones [UNODC] |
| |
| New
Survey Reveals Steep Drops in Opium Production and Cultivation in Afghanistan October
2008 |
| Official U.S. Government Estimate Shows Potential Opium
Production Declines by Almost One-Third; Poppy Cultivation Down 22 Percent
since Last Year [ONDCP, USA] |
| |
| New
markets for synthetic drugs [September 2008] |
| UNODC's new Global Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Assessment
Report warns that synthetic drugs such as ecstasy, amphetamine and methamphetamine
- the drugs of modern times - are becoming more popular in developing countries. 128-page
PDF [UNODC] |
| |
| Afghanistan
Opium Survey 2008 [August 2008] |
| Executive Summary. 42-page PDF [UNODC] |
| |
| Withdrawal
Symptoms [August 2008] |
| Changes in the Southeast Asian drugs market. Drugs & Conflict
Debate Papers Nr. 16 [TNI, Netherlands] |
| |
| Drug
Control [August 2008] |
| Cooperation with Many Major Drug Transit Countries Has
Improved, but Better Performance Reporting and Sustainability Plans Are
Needed. 59-PDF [GAO, USA] |
| |
| Indian
Country Drug Threat Assessment 2008 [July 2008] |
| The report focuses on Native American reservations in
the contiguous 48 states of the United States [National Drug Intelligence
Center, USA] |
| |
| World
Drug Report 2008 [June 2008] |
| As in previous years, the present Report is based on
data obtained primarily from the annual reports questionnaire (ARQ) sent
by Governments to UNODC in 2007, supplemented by other sources when necessary
and where available Full 8.85 MB PDF [UNODC] |
| |
| Illicit
Drug Data Report 2006-2007 [June 2008] |
| This report is recognised as one of the most valuable
tools for law enforcement agencies, policy and decision makers, research
bodies and other stakeholders in combating illicit drugs [Australian Crime
Commission] |
| |
| Coca
cultivation in the Andean region |
| A survey of Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. 134-page PDF
[UNODC] [June 2008] |
| |
| Drugs
and Conflict [May 2008] |
| How the mutual impact of illicit drug economies and violent
conflict influences sustainable development, peace and stability [GTZ] |
| |
| Chemical
Reactions [May 2008] |
| Fumigation: Spreading Coca and Threatening Colombia’s
Ecological and Cultural Diversity. 32-page PDF [WOLA] |
| |
| Beckley
report 14 Understanding drug markets and how to influence them [April
2008] |
| This latest report in the Beckley series looks at the
operation of middle-level drug dealers, and how their behaviour is influenced
by the activities of the law enforcement agencies. 13-page PDF [IDPC] |
| |
Latin
American Drugs I: Losing the Fight [March 2008]
|
| Crisis Group’s detailed study is divided into two complementary
reports published simultaneously. This report principally examines the
scope of the problem, including a detailed examination of cultivation and
trafficking. 42-page PDF [International Crisis Group] |
| |
Afghanistan
- Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey [February 2008]
|
| These are order of magnitude figures – the actual harvest will
depend on the effectiveness of eradication. The volume of opium production
(and eventually heroin) will further depend on the yield, which last year
was at a record level. Based on this evidence there is a good chance that
the high-water mark reached in 2007 will begin to recede. 46-page PDF [UNODC] |
| |
Afghanistan
economic incentives and development initiatives tp reduce opium productiomn [February
2008]
|
| This report is about how to progressively reduce over time Afghanistan’s
dependence on opium – currently the country’s leading economic
activity – by development initiatives and shifting economic incentives
toward sustainable legal livelihoods. 126-page PDF [Department for International
Development, UK and the World Bank] |
| |
2008 International
Narcotics Control Strategy Report - Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control [2007] |
| The INCSR is an annual report by the Department of State to Congress
prepared in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act. It describes the
efforts of key countries to attack all aspects of the international drug
trade in Calendar Year 2007 [U.S. Department of State] |
| |
|
Afghanistan Opium
Survey 2007
|
|
Executive Summary. 38-page PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
|
Afghanistan
Opium Survey 2007
|
|
The world’s leading drug producer. 169-page PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
2008 International
Narcotics Control Strategy Report - Volume II: Money Laundering and Financial
Crimes [2006] |
| The INCSR is an annual report by the Department of State to Congress
prepared in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act. It describes the
efforts of key countries to attack all aspects of the international drug
trade in Calendar Year 2007 [U.S. Department of State] |
| |
|
Drug precursors: internal aspects
|
|
Effective control of the chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of
narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is one of the best ways of
combating drug trafficking [Europa]
|
| |
|
Drug precursors:
external aspects
|
|
This Regulation lays down the rules governing the thorough monitoring
of the trade in precursor drugs between the European Union (EU) and third
countries [Europa]
|
| |
Monograph
# 11 SimDrug: Exploring the complexity of heroin use in Melbourne [December
2005] |
| This monograph (No. 11) reports on the work of the complex systems scientists
at ANU. Complexity Theory is a loose cluster of theories and methodologies
aiming at understanding the properties of complex adaptive systems. Complex
adaptive systems (CAS) are ones characterized by: emergence; path dependency:
non state equilibrium; and adaptation. The heroin drug market fits these
characteristics nicely. The features of the agent-based model, called SimDrug,
include the spatial environment, time scale, and social agents. SimDrug
includes different types of social agents: users, dealers, wholesalers,
police constables, and outreach workers. Each type represents a minimum
set of characteristics and dynamics that allow the whole artificial population
to display most of the properties observed in real societies. The model
has proved robust and stable. SimDrug has demonstrated the plausibility
of using a multi-agent system model to describe the relationships between
heroin users, dealers, their surroundings and the two interventions modelled
(outreach workers and police). In future developments, we hope that policy
makers will be able to use the model to determine potential scenario’s
as a result of their intervention. |
| |
Monograph
# 9 Heroin markets in Australia: Current understandings and future possibilities[December
2005] |
| This monograph (No. 09) approaches drug markets from an economic perspective.
It outlines central economic concepts in an accessible form for the non-economist,
then reviews four key aspects of the Australian heroin drug market. These
are: measuring the size of the heroin market; heroin prices; the heroin
distribution network (using a risk and prices framework); and the relationship
bteween heroin price and harm (in this case overdose). The monograph sets
out to summarise the existing information and data, and identify what we
don't know about the heroin drug market. The authors conclude with a number
of insights about the heroin market in Australia. We have much information
to inform our understanding but it appears to be underutilised. The amount
of heroin consumed may be substantially less than is commonly thought (potentially
attributable to the heroin 'shortage'). Price is responsive to market changes – large
increases in heroin price occurred with the decreased availability of heroin.
The authors also demonstrate a strong relationship between heroin price
and non-fatal heroin overdose - as price increases, overdoses decrease.
Future research into heroin markets in Australia could provide more detailed
examination of causal relationships (and move away from descriptive research). |
| |
Monograph
#8 A review of approaches to studying illicit drug markets [December
2005] |
| This Monograph (No. 08) provides a reflective account of the different
disciplinary approaches to studying illicit drug markets. The term ‘drug
market’ is used widely in illicit drug research, and means different
things to different researchers. An economist may have a very specific
view of what is meant by a drug market, and that will differ from one held
by an ethnographer. The monograph endeavours to describe and explain five
different disciplinary approaches to studying drug markets – ethnographic
and qualitative approaches; economic approaches; behavioural and psychological
research; population-based and survey research; and criminology and law
enforcement evaluation. Each discipline has strengths and limitations.
I do not argue for the supremacy of one approach, but that we need to appreciate
the different approaches and develop better multi-disciplinary models. |
| |
|
Drug Market Analyses
|
|
These intelligence bulletins examine the market dynamics and the trafficking,
distribution, and abuse patterns associated with cocaine, heroin, marijuana,
MDMA, methamphetamine, and other dangerous drugs within United States
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTAS) [NDIC, USA]
|
| |
|
Domestic
Drug Markets and Prohibition
|
|
17-page PDF [Australian Parliamentary Group for Drug Law Reform]
|
| |
|
Low-level
Heroin Markets - A Case Study Approach
|
|
As part of the Scottish Executive's Drug Misuse Research Programme the
Effective Interventions Unit ( EIU) worked with the Scottish Drug Enforcement
Agency (SDEA) to develop specific proposals that culminated in an initial
research focus on low-level drug markets [Scottish Executive, UK]
|
| |
|
Tackling drugs
to reduce poverty
|
|
The United Nations Office of Drug Control claimed in 2006 that 'Drug
control is working and the world drug problem is being contained'. Yet
the scale and diversity of the illicit global drug trade has increased
in the last decade, as have rates of drug use in most countries [id21,
UK]
|
| |
|
U.S. Assistance Has Helped
Mexican Counternarcotics Efforts
|
|
But Tons of Illicit Drugs Continue to Flow into the United States. 46-page
PDF [GAO, USA]
|
| |
|
The Chinese Connection:
Cross-border Drug Trafficking between Myanmar and China
|
|
This report presents findings from a two-year field study of drug trafficking
activities between Myanmar (formerly Burma) and China. 118-page PDF [U.S.
Department of Justice]
|
| |
|
Inquiry
into the manufacture, importation and use of amphetamines and other
synthetic drugs (AOSD) in Australia
|
|
This report provides an overview of the production and consumption of
AOSD in Australia and discusses the extent to which organised crime is
involved in manufacture and distribution. It examines the National Drug
Strategy, reviews its main aims and effectiveness, and provides a brief
overview of the key policy and research bodies that oversee and have
input into the policy [Australian Policy Online]
|
| |
|
Marijuana Production in the
United States (2006)
|
|
According to US Government estimates domestic marijuana production has
increased ten fold over the last 25 years from 1,000 metric tons (2.2
million pounds) in 1981 to 10,000 metric tons (22 million pounds) in
2006. The ongoing proliferation of marijuana cultivation places it beyond
the scope of law enforcement capabilities to control and reduce the availability
of marijuana to teenagers and young children under existing public policy
[DrugScience, USA]
|
| |
|
National Drug Threat
Assessment 2006 released
|
|
The National Drug Threat Assessment 2006 addresses the status and outlook
of the drug threat to the United States. It covers the trafficking and
abuse patterns associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, heroin,
MDMA, pharmaceutical drugs, and other dangerous drugs [NDIC, USA]
|
| |
|
Despite 2006 witnessing the most intensive use of fumigation in the
country’s history, some 157,200 hectares of cultivation areas were detected,
13,200 hectares more than in 2005. Is the fumigation strategy failing?
[Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
Opium
Rapid Assessment Survey AFGHANISTAN March 2005
|
|
Within the framework of its Global Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme
(ICMP), UNODC has established an opium monitoring system and conducts
annual opium surveys in Afghanistan, the largest centre of illicit opium
production in the world. The monitoring system is implemented in cooperation
with the Afghan government [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]
|
| |
|
Drug
Situation Report 2005
|
|
The Drug Situation Report — 2005 provides a strategic overview of the
illicit drug trade in Canada. 32-page PDF [RCMP, Canada]
|
| |
|
International
Narcotics Control Strategy Report - 2005
|
|
Argentina is not a major drug producing country, but it is a transit
country for cocaine flowing from neighboring Bolivia, Peru and Colombia
primarily destined for Europe. Argentina is also a transit route for
Colombian heroin en route to the U.S East Coast (primarily New York)
|
|
[Released by the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement
Affairs March 2005]
|
| |
|
Coca
Cultivation in the Andean Region in 2004
|
|
UNODC 2005
|
| |
|
Colombia coca
cultivation survey results: A question of methods
|
|
Drug Control
|
|
U.S. Assistance Has Helped Mexican Counternarcotics Efforts, but the
Flow of Illicit Drugs into the United States Remains High. 29-page PDF
[GAO, USA]
|
| |
U.S. Counternarcotics
Strategy for Afghanistan
|
|
Compiled by the Coordinator for Counternarcotics and Justice Reform
in Afghanistan, Ambassador Thomas A. Schweich, U.S. Department of State
|
| |
|
Opium
Poppy Free Road Map and Provincial Profiles
|
|
This document has been prepared to provide a brief analysis of all Afghan
provinces, both in terms of counter-narcotics efforts and rule of law
indicators 7.62MB PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
|
Cocaine
trafficking in West Africa
|
|
The threat to stability and development (with special reference to Guinea-Bissau).
41-page PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
|
Opium
Poppy Free Road Map and Provincial Profiles
|
|
This document has been prepared to provide a brief analysis of all Afghan
provinces, both in terms of counter-narcotics efforts and rule of law
indicators 7.62MB PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
|
Overcoming
the Obstacles to Establishing a Democratic State in Afghanistan
|
|
This paper looks at several of the obstacles to democracy in Afghanistan,
including ... an endemic culture of corruption, a pervasive narcotics
trade and drug trafficking problem. 28-page PDF [Strategic Studies Institute,
USA]
|
| |
|
Crop spraying: a déjà vu
debate
|
|
The United States is putting strong pressure on the Afghan government
to officially adopt the strategy of eradicating the opium poppy through
aerial spraying of the crops with the herbicide glyphosate. 8-page PDF
[Transnational Institute, Netherlands]
|
| |
|
Coca, Petroleum
and Conflict in Cofán Territory
|
|
Spraying, displacement and economic interests - Drug Policy Briefing
[TNI, Netherlands]
|
| |
|
Poppy
for medicine project - Technical Dossier for Canada
|
|
The Technical Dossier offers the Canadian Government a way to change
the course of counter-narcotics policy in Kandahar.. 112-page PDF [Senlis
Council]
|
| |
|
At
a crossroads: Drug Trafficking, Violence and the Mexican State
|
|
In this joint WOLA-BFDPP policy brief, the authors provide an overview
of current and past drug policies implemented by the Mexican government,
with a focus on its law enforcement efforts. 12-page PDF [IDPC]
|
| |
|
The Economic Impact of the
Illicit Drug Industry
|
|
In December 2003 the TNI Crime & Globalisation project hosted a
seminar on The Economic Impact of the Illicit Drug Industry. The goal
of the seminar was to re-view the substance of the existing figures of
the global business volume of the illegal drug industry and the notion
of where the illegal proceeds of the industry are going. Issues discussed
included: the size of the illicit drug economy, money laundering, the
flows, investments and presence of drugs money in the legal economy and
its alleged funding of international terrorism.
|
|
Transnational Institute
|
| |
|
Licit and illicit
cultivation statistics
|
|
[CentralBureau of narcotics, India]
|
| |
|
Afghanistan's
Drug Industry
|
|
Counter-Narcotics Law Enforcement Efforts in Afghanistan Need to Focus
on Higher-End Actors of the Drug Industry [World Bank]
|
| |
|
Coca cultivation
in the Andean region
|
|
A survey of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. 141-page PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
|
Opium
Rapid Assessment Survey AFGHANISTAN March 2005
|
|
UNODC 2005
|
| |
|
Downward Spiral
Banning Opium in Afghanistan and Birma
|
|
Opium farmers in Afghanistan and Burma are coming under huge pressure
as local authorities implement bans on the cultivation of poppy. Banning
opium has an immediate and profound impact on the livelihoods of more
than 4 million people
|
|
TNI Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 12 June 2005 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
Afghanistan's
Drug Industry: Structure, Functioning, Dynamics, and Implications for
Counter-Narcotics Policy
|
|
Efforts to combat opium have achieved only limited success and have
lacked sustainability [World Bank]
|
| |
|
U.S. Nonmilitary Assistance
to Colombia Is Beginning to Show Intended Results, but Programs Are
Not Readily Sustainable
|
|
Despite the progress made by the three nonmilitary assistance programs,
Colombia and the United States continue to face long-standing management
and financial challenges.
|
|
[U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). July 2004]
|
| |
|
Opium Licensing
in Afghanistan: Its Desirability and Feasibility
|
|
A US policy paper assessing the viability of licensing opium for medical
use in Afghanistan. 17-page PDF [Brookings Institution, USA]
|
| |
|
Poppy
for Medicine
|
|
Licensing poppy for the production of essential medicines: an integrated
counter-narcotics, development, and counter-insurgency model for Afghanistan.
112-page PDF [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
The policing implications
of cannabis, amphetamine and other illicit drug use in Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander communities
|
|
Increasing cannabis availability in rural and remote areas has extended
a thriving illicit drug trade to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
settlements in some of Australia’s most isolated regions. 178-page PDF
[National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, Australia]
|
| |
|
Interdiction
Efforts in Central America Have Had Little Impact on the Flow of Drugs
|
|
The supply of illegal drugs reaching the United States via Central America
continues virtually uninterrupted despite years of U.S. drug interdiction
efforts.
Letter Report, 08/02/94, GAO/NSIAD-94-233 [Global Security.Org]
|
| |
|
Illicit Crop
Monitoring Programme (ICMP)
|
|
Surveys listed for Andes, Bolivia, Colombia, Lao PDR, Morocco, Myanmar,
and Peru [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]
|
| |
|
The
opium economy in Afghanistan
|
|
226-page PDF [UNODC]
|
| |
|
Drugs
and crime trends in Europe and beyond
|
|
Europe remains a destination of choice for international drug traffickers
[UNODC]
|
| |
|
Poppies for Peace
|
|
Reforming Afghanistan's Opium Industry. 13-page PDF [The Washington
Quarterly, USA]
|
| |
|
Air Bridge Denial Program in
Colombia Has Implemented New Safeguards, but Its Effect on Drug Trafficking
Is Not Clear
|
|
In the 1990s, the United States operated a program in Colombia and Peru
called Air Bridge Denial (ABD). The ABD program targeted drug traffickers
that transport illicit drugs through the air by forcing down suspicious
aircraft, using lethal force if necessary. The program was suspended
in April 2001 when a legitimate civilian aircraft was shot down in Peru
and two U.S. citizens were killed. The program was restarted in Colombia
in August 2003 after additional safeguards were established. To date,
the United States has provided about $68 million in support and plans
to provide about $26 million in fiscal year 2006. We examined whether
the ABD program’s new safeguards were being implemented and its progress
in attaining U.S. and Colombian objectives. [GAO, USA]
|
| |
|
Impact
assessment of crop eradication in Afghanistan and lessons learned from
latin America and south east Asia
|
|
This Phase Two paper of the Feasibility Study On Opium Licensing in
Afghanistan for the Production of Morphine and Other Essential Medicines
assesses the impact of current and future eradication efforts in Afghanistan
while drawing parallels with the impact of similar policies already carried
out in South East Asian and Latin America [Senlis Council]
|
| |
|
Afghanistan
' s opium drug economy, Vol. 1 of 1
|
|
In conditions of lawlessness and impoverishment, opium has become Afghanistan
' s leading economic activity, accounting for one third of (opium inclusive)
GDP in 2003, and even more so in 2004. The opium boom has been stimulated
by a decline in supply to the world market from other sources, as well
as growing demand from new markets, by Afghanistan ' s comparative advantage
as a producer, and by conditions arising from the war - the collapse
of governance, rural pauperization, and the trade in drugs for arms
|
|
Christopher Ward, William Byrd
Report No: 31149 World Bank 2004
|
| |
|
Drugs
and development in Afghanistan, Vol. 1 of 1
|
|
This paper analyzes the linkages between drugs and development in Afghanistan.
It argues that the opium economy-including its nexus with insecurity,
warlords, state weakness, and poor governance-constitutes a central development
problem for the country
|
|
Christopher Ward, William Byrd
Report No: 30903 World Bank 2004
|
| |
|
Colombia:
Coca Cultivation Survey
|
|
For the fifth time the Colombian Government and the United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime, produced a joint annual survey on coca cultivation
in Colombia, using remote sensing technology and ensuring a high level
of reliability and transparency.
|
|
[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and Government of
Colombia (GOC) June 2004]
|
| |
|
Rural
finance in Afghanistan and the challenge of the opium economy, Vol.
1 of 1
|
|
The workshop was intended to explore and address the issue of opium
credit and indebtedness as well as the development of rural finance more
generally and the role of national development programs in this regard.
The objective was to identify what longer-term developments in rural
finance are needed, what specific steps can be taken in the immediate
future, and how synergies with other national development programs can
be developed
Byrd, William Goeldner, Karri A. Kloeppinger-Todd, Renate Maimbo, Samuel
Mansfield, David Pearce, Douglas Radcliffe, David Rasmussen, Stephen
Ward, Christopher Zeballos, Erick Zia, Mohammad Ehsan
Report No: 33275 World Bank 2004
|
| |
|
Afghanistan
Farmers Intention Survey 2003/2004
|
|
Farmers’ Intentions Survey 2003/2004 AFGHANISTAN [United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime]
|
| |
|
“Afghanistan – Continuing
Challenges”
|
|
Last year in Afghanistan, according to the UN Office of Drugs and Crime,
(UNODC), 1.7 million people were directly engaged in producing more than
3,600 metric tons of opium three quarters of the world's illicit opium
production. In a UNODC survey, 69% of last year’s poppy farmers stated
that they intend to increase their production, and 43% of those who have
not been growing will start cultivating in 2004. Afghanistan is in clear
and present danger of descending from a narco-economy into a narco-state
|
|
International Crisis Group.12 May 2004
|
| |
|
Coca or Death? Cocalero
Movements in Peru and Bolivia
|
|
Following Bolivia's 2002 parliamentary elections, the success of the
political party headed by cocalero leader Evo Morales, rekindled debate
regarding cocaleroorganisations in the Andes and their vindications.
Disinformation around these organisations has contributed to a rise in
terms like narcoguerrilleros and narcoterroristas, etc. being applied
to the various cocalero peasant movements
|
|
TNI Drugs & Conflict Debate Papers 10, April 2004 [Transnational
Institute]
|
| |
|
The Economic Impact of the
Illicit Drug Industry
|
|
Goal of the seminar was to assess the global business volume of the
illegal drug industry and to look where the illegal proceeds of the industry
are going. Issues discussed included: the size of the illicit drug economy
and the flows, investments and collusion of drugs money in the legal
economy and its alleged funding of international terrorism
|
|
Report TNI Seminar 5-6 December 2003 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
World Trends in
the Production, Trafficking and Consumption of Illicit Drug
|
|
This paper attempts to examine how world drug trends have changed since
the last of the UN Conventions was agreed in 1988 and, at this mid-point
between 1998 and the target year of 2008, examines whether trends in
cultivation, trafficking and consumption are going down as envisaged
|
|
Cindy Fazey
Forward Thinking on Drugs 2003
|
| |
|
Cross Purposes Alternative
Development and Conflict in Colombia
|
|
One of the greatest challenges in Colombia today is how to meet alternative
development objectives in the midst of war. "Alternative development" refers
in this context to the creation of alternative livelihoods for illicit
crop farmers
|
|
Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 7, June 2003 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
Drugs and Conflict in Burma
(Myanmar) Dilemmas for Policy Responses
|
|
Burma is on the brink of yet another humanitarian crisis. In the Kokang
region, an opium ban was enforced last year, and by mid-2005 no more
poppy growing will be allowed in the Wa region. Banning opium from these
regions in Shan State adds another chapter to the long and dramatic history
of drugs, conflict and human suffering in the country
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Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 9, December 2003 [Transnational Institute]
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The
Opium Economy in Afghanistan: An International Problem
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UNODC 2003 ISBN 92-1-148157-0
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A Model of Chaotic
Drug Markets and Their Control
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Drug markets are often described informally as being chaotic, and there
is a tendency to believe that control efforts can make things worse,
not better, at least in some circumstances. This paper explores the idea
that such statements might be literally true in a mathematical sense
by considering a discrete-time model of populations of drug users and
drug sellers for which initiation into either population is a function
of relative numbers of both populations
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Doris A. Behrens, Jonathan P. Caulkins, Gustav Feichtinger
Carnegie Mellon, Heinz School 2002-8, Jul 2002
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Illicit drugs
and economic development
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INCB 2002
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National Threat Assessments
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NDIC's annual National Drug Threat Assessment gives policymakers and
counterdrug executives a timely, predictive report on the threat of drugs,
gangs, and violence. We synthesize the views of local, state, regional,
and federal agencies to produce a comprehensive picture of this threat.
U S Department of Justice
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The Sydney
methamphetamine market
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Patterns of supply, use, personal harms and social consequences (PDF)
[NDLERF, Australia]
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A Failed Balance Alternative
Development and Eradication
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|
In 1961, the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs prohibited planting
crops having no medical or scientific purpose, fixing a period of 15
years –for opium– and 25 years – for coca– as deadlines for their ultimate
extinction. Those targets were clearly not met. In 1998, ignoring decades
of lack of success in addressing the issue of illicit crops, the UN set
the year 2008 as yet another deadline by which to eliminate coca and
opium. At the UN Special Session on drugs, AD was identified as a key
instrument to be used in fulfilling this objective, as part of an integral
anti-drugs strategy
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Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 4, March 2002
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Drugs and Insurgents
in Colombia
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A Regional Conundrum
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Research brief RB-69, 2001 RAND
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Colombian Labyrinth:
The Synergy of Drugs and Insurgency and Its Implications for Regional
Stability NGO
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|
Argues that U.S. policy toward Colombia has been driven to a large extent
by counter-narcotics considerations, but the evolving situation in that
South American country confronts the United States with as much of a
national security as a drug policy problem
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Angel Rabasa, Peter ChalkAngelRabasa, Peter Chalk
MR-1339-AF, 2001 RAND
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Merging Wars Afghanistan,
Drugs and Terrorism
|
|
Today, the two major producers of opium poppy and coca, Afghanistan
and Colombia, are in the midst of shifting counterdrug strategies. In
this issue we will look at the case of Afghanistan, analysing the UN
International Drug Control Programme’s (UNDCP) ill fated interventions.
And while international attention is focused on Afghanistan, the linkage
of drugs and terrorism is endangering the troubled peace talks between
the government and the FARC guerrilla in Colombia
|
|
Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 3, November 2001 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
Fumigation
and Conflict in Colombia In the Heat of the Debate
|
|
Colombia began an intensive campaign of massive aerial spraying in December
2000, under the aegis of Plan Colombia. The programme has set in motion
strong opposition by the peasant and indigenous communities involved
and national and international organisations from civil society. The
number of voices speaking out against using chemical herbicides to eradicate
illicit crops has grown spectacularly this year, fostering an even broader
debate about this Latin American country’s entire drug policy
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Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 2, September 2001 [Transnational Institute]
|
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|
Europe and Plan Colombia
|
|
This first issue is devoted to the controversies that have arisen around
Plan Colombia. It is released at this particular moment to inform discussions
on supporting the peace process in Colombia around the third round of
the international donor conference in Brussels
|
|
Drugs & Conflict Debate Paper 1, April 2001 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
Vicious Circle
The Chemical and Biological "War on Drugs"
|
|
Aerial fumigations with herbicides of drug crops in Colomba set in motion
a vicious circle of human, social and environmental destruction. In Vicious
Circle - The Chemical and Biological 'War on Drugs', TNI-fellow Martin
Jelsma describes how in the course of the cycle human rights are violated,
the legitimacy of the state is eroded, alternative development is aborted,
peasant support for the guerrilla increases, the war extends to new areas,
and the War on Drugs is entangled with counterinsurgency objectives
|
|
Transnational Institute, Amsterdam, March 2001
|
| |
|
Middle market drug
distribution
|
|
This report attempts to describe how drugs are moved from importation
to street level in the UK, by whom and for what profit. It represents
the first effort to map out the ‘middle levelsof the UK's drug markets
|
|
Geoffrey Pearson (Goldsmiths College, University of London) and Dick
Hobbs (University of Durham)
Home Office Research Study 227 2001
|
| |
|
Sizing the UK
market for illicit drugs 2001
|
|
This report proposes a methodology for estimating the size of the market
for drugs in the UK, which is based upon using available data sources
on prevalence and consumption patterns of different types of drug user
|
|
Edward Bramley-Harker (National Economic Research Associates)
Home Office RDS Occasional Paper No 74 ISBN 1 84082 695 9
|
| |
|
Alternative
Development in the Andean Area – The UNDCP experience
|
|
UNDCP Vienna, August 2001
|
| |
|
Alternative
Development: Sharing Good Practices, Facing Common Problems
|
|
UNDCP Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific, July 2001
|
| |
|
The Australian heroin
drought and its implications for drug policy
|
|
The extent to which individuals who are detained by police are drug
users is a matter of policy significance, since drug using offenders
commit disproportionately more crime than their non-drug using colleagues.
In this study the level and type of drug use among a sample of detainees
from two local area commands in Sydney are examined. The study validates
self reported drug use with urinalysis results
|
|
Don Weatherburn, Craig Jones, Karen Freeman and Toni Makkai
Australian Institute of Criminology 2001 ISBN 0 7313 2633 4; ISSN 1030-1046
|
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|
The Drug War
in the Skies. The US "Air Bridge Denial" Strategy. The Success
of a Failure
|
|
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness and impacts
of one of the key US supply side-interdiction programs in the War on
Drugs in Latin America. This strategy, known as "Air Bridge Denial",
seeks to reduce the amount of cocaine entering the US and its domestic
consumption by blocking the transport of cocaine and its precursors in
the Andean-Amazonic r
|
|
Edited by Theo Roncken TNI/AcciónAndina, May 1999 [Transnational Institute]
|
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|
Reluctant Recruits
The US Military and the War on Drugs
|
|
Among the vast array of US government agencies involved in drug control
efforts, the Department of Defense (DOD) is on the front line of the
war on drugs in Latin America, a role mandated by the 1989 National Defense
Authorization Act (NDAA). The act designated DOD as the "single
lead agency" for the detection and monitoring of illicit drug shipments
into the United States. Congress backed this directive with dollars,
quadrupling DOD's counter-drug budget between Fiscal Year (FY)1988 and
FY1992, when it peaked at $1.22 billion. Billions more have been spent
since then
|
|
Peter Zirnite WOLA (Washington Office on Latin America), Washington
DC, August 1997 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
|
What Price Data
Tell Us About Drug Markets
|
|
This paper reviews empirical evidence on drug prices and discusses implications
for understanding of drug markets and for policy
|
|
Jonathan P. Caulkins, Peter Reuter
Carnegie Mellon, Heinz School 1998-7, Mar 1998
|
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