Economics
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| A
Cost – Benefit and Cost – Effectiveness Analysis of Vancouver’s
Safe Injection Facility [April 2008] |
| After a review of existing literature regarding both
the efficacy of supervised injection sites generally, and Vancouver’s
site more specifically, we engaged in two kinds of analysis to determine
benefit to cost ratios for the Vancouver SIS, and cost effectiveness: linear
trend analysis and mathematical modelling. 67-page PDF [Martin Andresen & Neil
Boyd, Canada] |
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| The
costs of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug abuse to Australian society
in 2004/05 [April
2008] |
| This report is the fourth study by the present authors
of the social costs of drug abuse in Australia. 143-page PDF [© Commonwealth
of Australia] |
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Prohibitions [November
2007] |
| Prohibitions is a corrective to the prevailing sympathy for paternalistic
authoritarianism. It is a part of the intellectual resistance movement.
Each chapter considers a significant prohibition on voluntary transactions,
from prostitution to recreational drugs to gambling. 140-page PDF [Institute
of Economic Affairs, Australia] |
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Monograph
# 14 Working estimates of the social costs per gram and per user for
cannabis, cocaine, opiates and amphetamines [February 2007] |
| This work represents a first step in estimating the different social
costs associated with different illicit drugs. More specifically, the report
sets out in detail the annual costs in Australia (circa 2004) associated
with opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, and other illicit drugs separately
across two major classes of social costs: health and crime. The cost estimates
are further broken down between dependent users and non-dependent users.
These are then combined with prevalence and consumption to generate estimates
of the:
1. social costs per drug user by drug type; and
2. social costs per kilogram (or gram) for each drug type.
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The
economics of preventing drug use:An introduction to the issues [2007]
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Economic evaluation offers the opportunity for planners of drug prevention
policy and services to be more efficient with, and to prioritise, the
finite resources available for implementation. This document provides
an overview of the health economics of drug prevention and discusses
different methods of conducting such analyses. 35-page PDF [National
Collaborating Centre for Drug Prevention, UK]
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Monograph
#8 A review of approaches to studying illicit drug markets [December
2005] |
| This Monograph (No. 08) provides a reflective account of the different
disciplinary approaches to studying illicit drug markets. The term ‘drug
market’ is used widely in illicit drug research, and means different
things to different researchers. An economist may have a very specific
view of what is meant by a drug market, and that will differ from one held
by an ethnographer. The monograph endeavours to describe and explain five
different disciplinary approaches to studying drug markets – ethnographic
and qualitative approaches; economic approaches; behavioural and psychological
research; population-based and survey research; and criminology and law
enforcement evaluation. Each discipline has strengths and limitations.
I do not argue for the supremacy of one approach, but that we need to appreciate
the different approaches and develop better multi-disciplinary models. |
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Economic Benefits
of Drug Treatment [February 2005]
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A Critical Review of the Evidence for Policy Makers February 2005 [Treatment
Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania]
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Illicit Drug
Markets and Economic Irregularities [January 2005]
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This paper sketches examples of an alternative reaction, focusing on
idiosyncrasies of drug markets that might plausibly create counter-intuitive
effects, including supply curves that slope downward because of enforcement
swamping and/or a good serving as the only available store of wealth
for its producer, demand reduction programs that increase demand, and
consumption by “jugglers” possibly increasing rather than decreasing
as prices rise. This analysis yields non-obvious policy recommendations;
for example, source country control programs should concentrate on growing
regions with a healthy banking sector
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Jonathan P. Caulkins, Peter Reuter
Carnegie Mellon, Heinz School 2005-7, Jan 2005
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Price and Purity
Analysis for Illicit Drug: Data and Conceptual Issues [January
2005]
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This paper reviews data and conceptual issues that people producing,
analyzing, and consuming drug price and purity series should understand
in order to reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation. It also identifies
aspects of drug markets that are both poorly understood and relevant
to some of these issues. They constitute a useful research agenda for
health and law enforcement communities who would benefit from better
data on the supply, availability, and use of illicit drugs
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Jonathan P. Caulkins
Carnegie Mellon, Heinz School 2005-6, Jan 2005
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Calculating
the Social Cost of Illicit Drugs
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Pompidou Group, Council Of Europe
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Public expenditure
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The folLowing 8 reports are all available from this home page at EMCDDA
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Public
spending on drugs in the European Union during the 1990s - retrospective
research
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An initial overview (using the information available) of the first comprehensive
research carried out at European level on public expenditure [EMCDDA]
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Public expenditure on drugs in the EU
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Postma, M. (2004).EMCDDA
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Public
spending on drugs in the European Union during the 1990s, EMCDDA
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Retrospective research 2003 [EMCDDA]
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The
Economic Case For and Against Prison
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Are prison sentences really a cost-beneficial way of reducingoffending
behaviour in those populations who are at risk of further offending?
20-page PDF [Matrix, UK]
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Stabalization
and the Price Decline of Illicit Drugs
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The main finding of this paper is that the decline in the retail prices
of drugs is related to the strong decline in the intermediation margin
(the difference between the retail and producer prices) in the drug business.
482KB PDF [CESifo]
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Connecting
the Dots: ONDCP's (Reluctant) Update on Cocaine Price and Purity
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A report by WOLA Senior Associate John Walsh, offering insight and analysis
into the data on cocaine price and purity released (quietly) by the Office
of National Drug Control Policy [WOLA]
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New
Study Finds Economic Benefit from Lifelong Methadone Treatment
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New model estimates lifetime costs, benefits of drug use and treatment
[RTI International, USA]
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Economic
Evaluation of Hepatitis C
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The Australian Government and State and Territory Governments have committed
to a variety of harm reduction, prevention and education initiatives
in order to mitigate the spread of hepatitis C and other blood borne
viruses. About 90% of incident cases of hepatitis C occur amongst injecting
drug users (IDUs). This report is an economic evaluation of programs
to control the hepatitis C epidemic [The Australian Government Department
of Health and Ageing]
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The
Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment |
| Evaluating Policy Options for Thailand [World Bank] |
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Is the Addiction Concept Useful
for Drug Policy?
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The development of behavioral economics, with its prospect of integrating
insights from economics and psychology, is surely one of the most exciting
intellectual developments in the social and behavioral sciences in the
past 20 years. And if any domain could benefit from this development,
it would seem to be the domain of psychoactive drug use, where choices
are so often pathological. Thus, one can imagine my surprise and dismay
when I was asked to prepare an essay on new policy insights that might
follow from the leading behavioral economic theories of addiction1, and
I discovered that there weren’t any. Or at least, hardly any
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Robert J. MacCoun
Center for the Study of Law and Society Jurisprudence and Social Policy
Program. JSP/Center for the Study of Law and Society Faculty Working
Papers. Paper 8 January 1, 2003
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Counting the costs
of crime in Australia : technical report
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The report then discusses in detail the costing of particular crimes,
as well as the estimation of other costs, including costs of the criminal
justice system, lost productivity of prisoners, victim assistance, the
security industry and insurance administration
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Pat Mayhew
Australian Institute of Criminology 2003 ISBN 0 642 24273 9; ISSN 1445-7261
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The Economic Impact of the
Illicit Drug Industry
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Goal of the seminar was to assess the global business volume of the
illegal drug industry and to look where the illegal proceeds of the industry
are going. Issues discussed included: the size of the illicit drug economy
and the flows, investments and collusion of drugs money in the legal
economy and its alleged funding of international terrorism
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Report TNI Seminar 5-6 December 2003 [Transnational Institute]
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Return
on Investment in Needle and Syringe Programs in Australia - Report
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The study updates and expands a study previously undertaken by Hurley,
Jolley and Kaldor which investigated the effectiveness and cost effectiveness
of needle and syringe programs in relation to HIV/AIDS
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Health Outcomes International Ltd. in association with the National
Centre for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research andPprofessor Michael
Drummond, Centre of Health Economics, York University 2002
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The economic and
social costs of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000
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Estimates of the economic and social costs of Class A drug use in England
and Wales are an important addition to the growing evidence base supporting
the Government’s anti-drugs strategy. This information is valuable both
for policy makers and for directing future research into what works in
reducing illicit drug consumption, not least in terms of crime reduction
and value for money
Christine Godfrey Gail Eaton Cynthia McDougall and Anthony Culyer
Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate 2002 ISBN
1 84082 874 9 ISSN 0072 6435
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The Economic Impact of the
Illicit Drug Industry
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In December 2003 the TNI Crime & Globalisation project hosted a
seminar on The Economic Impact of the Illicit Drug Industry. The goal
of the seminar was to re-view the substance of the existing figures of
the global business volume of the illegal drug industry and the notion
of where the illegal proceeds of the industry are going. Issues discussed
included: the size of the illicit drug economy, money laundering, the
flows, investments and presence of drugs money in the legal economy and
its alleged funding of international terrorism.
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Transnational Institute
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The
Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992–2002
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ONDCP
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Counting
the cost: estimates of the social costs of drug abuse in Australia
1998-1999
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Collins, D.J., Lapsley, H.M., (2002)
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International
Guidelines for Estimating the Economic Costs of Substances Abuse
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Single et Al. (2001) [Word document]
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The
economic and social costs of class A drug use in England and Wales,
2000
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Godfrey, C., Eaton, G. McDougall, C, Culyer, A. (2002) [Home Office,
UK]
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The
Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992-1998
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Office of National Drug Control Policy, (2002)
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The economic and
social costs of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000
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The main findings from the study provide the first real evidence that
costs are mostly associated with problematic drug use and drug-related
crime, in particular acquisitive crime. In addition, significant cost
consequences are identified for health care services, the criminal justice
system and state benefits.
Christine Godfrey Gail Eaton Cynthia McDougall and Anthony Culyer
Home Office Research Study 249
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The
Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States - 1992-1998
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This report was developed for The Office of National Drug Control Policy
(ONDCP) which asked The Lewin Group to calculate more current estimates
of the societal cost of drug abuse. In the context of this report, the
phrase “drug abuse” is used to refer to consequences of using illicit
drugs, as well as societal costs pertaining to the enforcement of drug
laws. This study does not address costs related to abuse of or dependence
on legal substances that may be termed drugs such as alcohol, tobacco,
or prescription medications
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Publication Number 190636 ONDCP
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Poor Prescription:
The Cost of Imprisoning Drug Offenders in the United States.
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As America entered the new millennium we culminated the most punishing
decade in our nation’s history. While the number of persons in jail and
prison grew by 462,006 in the seven decades from 1910 to 1980, in the
1990s alone, the number of jail and prison inmates grew by an estimated
816,965.The cost of this massive growth in incarceration is staggering.
Americans will spend nearly $40 billion on prisons and jails in the year
2000. Almost $24 billion of that will go to incarcerate 1.2 million nonviolent
offenders.4 Meanwhile, in two of our nation’s largest states, California
and New York, the prison budgets outstripped the budgets for higher education
during the mid-1990s.
Schiraldi, V., Holman, B., & Beatty, P.
Justice Policy Institute. 2000
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The Benefits and
Costs of Drug Use Prevention
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Clarifying a Cloudy Issue
Research brief RB-6007, 1999 RAND
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Are Mandatory
Minimum Drug Sentences Cost-Effective?
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Research brief, RB-6003, 1997 RAND
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Projecting Future
Cocaine Use and Evaluating Control Strategies
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Each year, the United States spends large sums of money at all levels
of government to battle cocaine use. By 1992, this annual sum had reached
$13 billion. Is this the most effective way to spend the money?
Research brief RB-6002, 1994 RAND
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Keeping Score:
The Frailties of the Federal Drug Budget
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Total federal government expenditures for antidrug activities have become
a centerpiece in the national debate on drug policy ... Given the prominent
role that federal budget figures have come to play in the policy debate,
it is noteworthy that few have paid any attention to their origins.
Patrick Murphy, issue paper, IP-138, 1994 RAND
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