Economics
|
| |
| Tackling
problem drug use March 2010 |
| Without an evaluative framework for the Strategy as a whole, the NAO
is not able to conclude positively on value for money. Executive
Summary - Full
Report [National Audit Office, UK] |
| |
| Understanding
illicit drug markets, supply-reduction efforts, and drug-related crime
in the European Union February 2010 |
| In this study we reviewed literature and RAND’s previous work in this
area, and we gathered insights from European experts and policymakers. Full
report - Summary [RAND,
USA] |
| |
| The NSDUH
Report - Substance Use Treatment Need among Uninsured Workers February
2010 |
| An estimated 3.0 million uninsured full-time workers (16.3 percent) needed
substance use treatment in the past year; specifically, 13.3 percent needed
alcohol use treatment, 5.6 percent needed illicit drug use treatment, and
2.7 percent needed both alcohol and illicit drug use treatment [SAMHSA,
USA] |
| |
| National
Drug Control Budget February 2010 |
| FY 2011 Funding Highlights [White House, USA] |
| |
| FY
2011 Drug Control Program Highlights February 2010 |
| The President’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 National Drug Control Budget requests
$15.5 billion to reduce drug use and its consequences in the United States
[White House, USA] |
| |
| Federal
drug control funding 2009 - 2011 February 2010 |
| On page 143 of this report [White House, USA] |
| |
| Drugs
Value for Money Review July 2007 Report January
2010 |
| Drug Strategy working document - Not Government policy [Home Office,
UK] |
| |
| Cost of Enforcement
of Poland’s Drug Use Prevention Act January
2010 |
| A think tank in Poland, released a report that estimates that a single
article of the severe Drug Use Prevention Act of 2005 drains roughly 80
million PLN (£17.5 million) out of the public coffers each year [Institute
for Public Affairs] |
| |
| Drug
law resentencing January
2010 |
| Saving tax dollars with minimal community risk [Legal Aid Society of
New York, USA] |
| |
| Development
First December 2009 |
| A More Promising Approach to Reducing Cultivation of Crops for Illicit
Markets [WOLA] |
| |
| Redefining
Targets December 2009 |
| Towards a Realistic Afghan Drug Control Strategy [Transnational Institute] |
| |
| Afghanistan
Opium Survey 2009 December 2009 |
| The Afghanistan Opium Survey 2009 confirms that market forces are moving
against the Afghan drugs trade as prices, revenues and excess production
have put a damper on supply. 147-page PDF [UNODC] |
| |
| Adult
family members and carers of dependent drug users - full report November
2009 |
| The full 55-page PDF report by Prof.
Alex Copello, Lorna Templeton and Dr Jane Powell [UKDPC] |
| |
| How
do methamphetamine users respond to changes in methamphetamine price? November
2009 |
| The aim of the current study was to estimate how methamphetamine users
would respond to changes in the prices of methamphetamine and heroin, using
hypothetical drug purchasing scenarios. 16-page PDF [NSW Bureau of Crime
Statistics and Research] |
| |
| A Comparison
of the Cost-effectiveness of the Prohibition and Regulation of Drugs November
2009 |
| Due to limitations in available data we have restricted this analysis
to heroin and cocaine use (the drugs identified by Government as causing
the most harm) in England and Wales. 53-page PDF [TDPF, UK] |
| |
| Market
innovation and sophistication challenge drug policies, says EMCDDA November
2009 |
| Europe is faced with an increasingly complex and volatile synthetic drug
market, says the EU drugs agency [EMCDDA] |
| |
| Needle
and Syringe Program November 2009 |
| Return on investment 2: evaluating the cost-effectiveness of needle and
syringe programs in Australia 2009 [DoH, Australia] |
| |
| Needle & Syringe
Program Return on Investment Study October 2009 |
| The study seeks to analyse the effectiveness of needle and syringe programs
in preventing transmission of HIV, and hepatitis C (HCV) in Australia from
1991 (that is from when NSPs were well established in all jurisdictions
except Tasmania) to the end of 2000. 166-page PDF Summary
report [Department of Health, Australia] |
| |
| Repertoires
of distinction October
2009 |
| Exploring patterns of weekend polydrug use within local leisure scenes
across the English night time economy. 29-page PDF [Criminology and Criminal
Justice, UK] |
| |
| State
Budget Submission 2010/11 October 2009 |
| In developing this submission, VAADA examined a range of data indicative
of treatment activity and demands on services across the sector. This data
highlighted current pressure points on services’ capacity, and identified
service gaps and areas of growing demand. The analysis illustrates a clear
need for additional resourcing to respond to alcohol misuse; as well as
investment along Melbourne’s growth corridors and in the health of Victoria’s
ageing population. 34-page PDF [Victorian Alcohol and Drug Association,
Australia] |
| |
| Return on
Investment 2 October 2009 |
| A evaluation report published by Commonwealth Department of Health,
conducted by a team of investigators at the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology
and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
2MB PDF [Australian Government] |
| |
| Comparing
the drug situation across countries: Problems, Pitfalls and Possibilities September
2009 |
| This briefing paper seeks to compare the drugs situation in a number
of developed countries. Data from six European countries, the United States,
Canada, Australia and New Zealand are included [Beckley Foundation Drug
Policy Programme] |
| |
| FEAD (Film Exchange on Alcohol and
Drugs) August 2009 |
| A resource that brings short video presentations from leading figures
in the alcohol and drugs field direct to your screen. The contributors
cover a range of topics honestly and directly - including: achievements,
problem areas, and reflections on the field's history. Many people have
found the website useful in helping discussions and expanding on practice
and theory. Please feel free to use the material to enrich your events,
seminars, groups, teaching etc |
| |
| Americans
of all incomes say they could not afford drug or alcohol treatment if
they needed it July
2009 |
| Nearly half of U.S. adults say that they would not be able to afford
alcohol or drug treatment if they or someone in their family needed it,
according to a telephone survey conducted this past June [CESAR, USA] |
| |
| Unforeseen
benefits: Addiction treatment reduces health care costs July
2009 |
| This paper demonstrates how addiction treatment will contribute to containing
costs in reforming America’s health system. Studies show that addiction
treatment significantly reduces emergency room, inpatient and total health
care costs [Open Society Institute, USA] |
| |
| From Golden
Triangle to Rubber Belt ? July
2009 |
| The Future of Opium Bans in the Kokang and Wa Regions [TNI, Netherlands] |
| |
| Global
economic crisis and HIV July 2009 |
| While the results of the survey are
worrying, the report does give recommendations on interventions that could
help to address the crisis [UNAIDS] |
| |
| The
Price of Everything, The Value of Nothing June 2009 |
| A (Truly) External Review Of BERL’s Study Of Harmful Alcohol and Drug
Use. 42-page PDF [Department of Economics and Finance College of Business
and Economics University of Canterbury, New Zealand] |
| |
| Drug
Control Strategy June 2009 |
| 2010 Budget Summary. 204-page PDF [White House, USA] |
| |
| Assessing
Changes in Global Drug Problems, 1998–2007 May 2009 |
| This Main Report provides a dispassionate overview of the true nature
and extent of the problem today, and to assist policy makers at national
and regional levels to deal with it. It was suggested that the drugs market
be looked at as if it were licit, in order to get a clearer picture of
the way that it works. 84-page PDF [Trimbos Institute and RAND] |
| |
| Shoveling
Up II: The Impact of Substance Abuse on Federal, State and Local Budgets May
2009 |
| In this report, The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse
(CASA) at Columbia University has identified the total amount spent by
federal, state and local governments on substance abuse and addiction--the
first time such an analysis has ever been undertaken. 176-page PDF [CASA.
USA] |
| |
| Medical
profiteering: the economics of methadone dispensation May
2009 |
| We recommend continuing the current pharmacy-based model. Any policy
changes that limit or decrease access to methadone maintenance treatment
should be discouraged. Recognition of the economic incentives of all parties
involved is imperative in understanding the illicit drug use phenomenon
and devising effective strategies to reduce the social burden it impose
[CMAJ] |
| |
| Lowering
Expectations May 2009 |
| Supply Control and the Resilient Cocaine Market [WOLA] |
| |
| A
report on Global Illicit Drugs Markets 1998-2007 May 2009 |
| This Report provides an assessment of how the global
market for drugs developed from 1998 to 2007 and describes drug policy
around the globe during that period. To the extent data allow, it then
assesses how much policy measures, at the national and international levels,
have influenced drug problems. 74-page PDF [Europa] |
| |
| Evaluation
of the Mandatory Drug Testing of Arrestees Pilot May 2009 |
| Findings of a process evaluation and cost effectiveness
analysis of the three Mandatory Drug Testing of Arrestees pilot schemes
in Scotland [Scottish Government, UK] |
| |
| Assessing
Changes in Global Drug Problems, 1998-2007 April 2009 |
| This report provides key findings of the RAND Europe
study which assesses how the global market for illicit drugs has developed
from 1998 to 2007 and describes worldwide drug policies implemented during
that period to address the problem [RAND] |
| |
| Assessing
the Operation of the Global Drug Market: Report 1 April 2009 |
| This report is an attempt to address the challenges and
reviews what is known about the operation of various markets. It offers
a theoretical account for a number of the features [RAND] |
| |
| Estimating
the size of the global drug market: A demand-side approach: Report 2 April
2009 |
| This report uses data on the prevalence of drug use,
retail prices, and consumption patterns to generate country-level consumption
and retail expenditure estimates for cannabis, heroin, cocaine, and amphetamine-type
substances [RAND] |
| |
| Issues
in estimating the economic cost of drug abuse in consuming nations: Report
3 April 2009 |
| This report presents a conceptual framework for constructing
an estimate of the global cost of drug use. However, we conclude that it
is not possible at this time to develop a meaningful comparative estimate
of the cost of drug use across countries [RAND] |
| |
| The
Costs of Methamphetamine Use April 2009 |
| The economic cost of methamphetamine use reached more
than an estimated $23 billion in 2005, mostly from the intangible burden
that addiction places on dependent users and their premature mortality
and from crime and criminal justice costs [RAND, USA] |
| |
| The
Economic Cost of Methamphetamine Use in the United States, 2005 February
2009 |
| This first national estimate suggests that the economic
cost of methamphetamine (meth) use in the United States reached $23.4 billion
in 2005. Full
document (171-page PDF) or Summary (10-page
PDF) [RAND, USA] |
| |
| The
avoidable costs of alcohol abuse in Australia and the potential benefits
of effective policies to reduce the social costs of alcohol October
2008 |
| This monograph estimates the proportion of Australian
social costs of alcohol abuse which are potentially avoidable as a result
of implementing appropriate public policy interventions, and the values
of the potential benefits of the identified interventions. 68-page PDF
[National Drugs Strategy, Australia] |
| |
| Effective
Dissemination report [September 2008] |
| An Examination of the Costs of Implementation Strategies
for the AOD Field. 4MB [NCETA, Australia] |
| |
| A
Cost – Benefit and Cost – Effectiveness Analysis of Vancouver’s
Safe Injection Facility [April 2008] |
| After a review of existing literature regarding both
the efficacy of supervised injection sites generally, and Vancouver’s
site more specifically, we engaged in two kinds of analysis to determine
benefit to cost ratios for the Vancouver SIS, and cost effectiveness: linear
trend analysis and mathematical modelling. 67-page PDF [Martin Andresen & Neil
Boyd, Canada] |
| |
| The
costs of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug abuse to Australian society
in 2004/05 [April
2008] |
| This report is the fourth study by the present authors
of the social costs of drug abuse in Australia. 143-page PDF [© Commonwealth
of Australia] |
| |
Prohibitions [November
2007] |
| Prohibitions is a corrective to the prevailing sympathy for paternalistic
authoritarianism. It is a part of the intellectual resistance movement.
Each chapter considers a significant prohibition on voluntary transactions,
from prostitution to recreational drugs to gambling. 140-page PDF [Institute
of Economic Affairs, Australia] |
| |
Monograph
# 14 Working estimates of the social costs per gram and per user for
cannabis, cocaine, opiates and amphetamines [February 2007] |
| This work represents a first step in estimating the different social
costs associated with different illicit drugs. More specifically, the report
sets out in detail the annual costs in Australia (circa 2004) associated
with opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, and other illicit drugs separately
across two major classes of social costs: health and crime. The cost estimates
are further broken down between dependent users and non-dependent users.
These are then combined with prevalence and consumption to generate estimates
of the:
1. social costs per drug user by drug type; and
2. social costs per kilogram (or gram) for each drug type.
|
| |
|
The
economics of preventing drug use:An introduction to the issues [2007]
|
|
Economic evaluation offers the opportunity for planners of drug prevention
policy and services to be more efficient with, and to prioritise, the
finite resources available for implementation. This document provides
an overview of the health economics of drug prevention and discusses
different methods of conducting such analyses. 35-page PDF [National
Collaborating Centre for Drug Prevention, UK]
|
| |
Monograph
#8 A review of approaches to studying illicit drug markets [December
2005] |
| This Monograph (No. 08) provides a reflective account of the different
disciplinary approaches to studying illicit drug markets. The term ‘drug
market’ is used widely in illicit drug research, and means different
things to different researchers. An economist may have a very specific
view of what is meant by a drug market, and that will differ from one held
by an ethnographer. The monograph endeavours to describe and explain five
different disciplinary approaches to studying drug markets – ethnographic
and qualitative approaches; economic approaches; behavioural and psychological
research; population-based and survey research; and criminology and law
enforcement evaluation. Each discipline has strengths and limitations.
I do not argue for the supremacy of one approach, but that we need to appreciate
the different approaches and develop better multi-disciplinary models. |
| |
|
Economic Benefits
of Drug Treatment [February 2005]
|
|
A Critical Review of the Evidence for Policy Makers February 2005 [Treatment
Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania]
|
| |
|
Illicit Drug
Markets and Economic Irregularities [January 2005]
|
|
This paper sketches examples of an alternative reaction, focusing on
idiosyncrasies of drug markets that might plausibly create counter-intuitive
effects, including supply curves that slope downward because of enforcement
swamping and/or a good serving as the only available store of wealth
for its producer, demand reduction programs that increase demand, and
consumption by “jugglers” possibly increasing rather than decreasing
as prices rise. This analysis yields non-obvious policy recommendations;
for example, source country control programs should concentrate on growing
regions with a healthy banking sector
|
|
Jonathan P. Caulkins, Peter Reuter
Carnegie Mellon, Heinz School 2005-7, Jan 2005
|
| |
|
Price and Purity
Analysis for Illicit Drug: Data and Conceptual Issues [January
2005]
|
|
This paper reviews data and conceptual issues that people producing,
analyzing, and consuming drug price and purity series should understand
in order to reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation. It also identifies
aspects of drug markets that are both poorly understood and relevant
to some of these issues. They constitute a useful research agenda for
health and law enforcement communities who would benefit from better
data on the supply, availability, and use of illicit drugs
|
|
Jonathan P. Caulkins
Carnegie Mellon, Heinz School 2005-6, Jan 2005
|
| |
|
Calculating
the Social Cost of Illicit Drugs
|
|
Pompidou Group, Council Of Europe
|
| |
|
Public expenditure
|
|
The folLowing 8 reports are all available from this home page at EMCDDA
|
| |
|
Public
spending on drugs in the European Union during the 1990s - retrospective
research
|
|
An initial overview (using the information available) of the first comprehensive
research carried out at European level on public expenditure [EMCDDA]
|
| |
|
Public expenditure on drugs in the EU
|
|
Postma, M. (2004).EMCDDA
|
| |
|
Public
spending on drugs in the European Union during the 1990s, EMCDDA
|
|
Retrospective research 2003 [EMCDDA]
|
| |
|
The
Economic Case For and Against Prison
|
|
Are prison sentences really a cost-beneficial way of reducingoffending
behaviour in those populations who are at risk of further offending?
20-page PDF [Matrix, UK]
|
| |
|
Stabalization
and the Price Decline of Illicit Drugs
|
|
The main finding of this paper is that the decline in the retail prices
of drugs is related to the strong decline in the intermediation margin
(the difference between the retail and producer prices) in the drug business.
482KB PDF [CESifo]
|
| |
|
Connecting
the Dots: ONDCP's (Reluctant) Update on Cocaine Price and Purity
|
|
A report by WOLA Senior Associate John Walsh, offering insight and analysis
into the data on cocaine price and purity released (quietly) by the Office
of National Drug Control Policy [WOLA]
|
| |
|
New
Study Finds Economic Benefit from Lifelong Methadone Treatment
|
|
New model estimates lifetime costs, benefits of drug use and treatment
[RTI International, USA]
|
| |
|
Economic
Evaluation of Hepatitis C
|
|
The Australian Government and State and Territory Governments have committed
to a variety of harm reduction, prevention and education initiatives
in order to mitigate the spread of hepatitis C and other blood borne
viruses. About 90% of incident cases of hepatitis C occur amongst injecting
drug users (IDUs). This report is an economic evaluation of programs
to control the hepatitis C epidemic [The Australian Government Department
of Health and Ageing]
|
| |
The
Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment |
| Evaluating Policy Options for Thailand [World Bank] |
| |
|
Is the Addiction Concept Useful
for Drug Policy?
|
|
The development of behavioral economics, with its prospect of integrating
insights from economics and psychology, is surely one of the most exciting
intellectual developments in the social and behavioral sciences in the
past 20 years. And if any domain could benefit from this development,
it would seem to be the domain of psychoactive drug use, where choices
are so often pathological. Thus, one can imagine my surprise and dismay
when I was asked to prepare an essay on new policy insights that might
follow from the leading behavioral economic theories of addiction1, and
I discovered that there weren’t any. Or at least, hardly any
|
|
Robert J. MacCoun
Center for the Study of Law and Society Jurisprudence and Social Policy
Program. JSP/Center for the Study of Law and Society Faculty Working
Papers. Paper 8 January 1, 2003
|
| |
|
Counting the costs
of crime in Australia : technical report
|
|
The report then discusses in detail the costing of particular crimes,
as well as the estimation of other costs, including costs of the criminal
justice system, lost productivity of prisoners, victim assistance, the
security industry and insurance administration
|
|
Pat Mayhew
Australian Institute of Criminology 2003 ISBN 0 642 24273 9; ISSN 1445-7261
|
| |
|
The Economic Impact of the
Illicit Drug Industry
|
|
Goal of the seminar was to assess the global business volume of the
illegal drug industry and to look where the illegal proceeds of the industry
are going. Issues discussed included: the size of the illicit drug economy
and the flows, investments and collusion of drugs money in the legal
economy and its alleged funding of international terrorism
|
|
Report TNI Seminar 5-6 December 2003 [Transnational Institute]
|
| |
Return
on Investment in Needle and Syringe Programs in Australia - Report
|
|
The study updates and expands a study previously undertaken by Hurley,
Jolley and Kaldor which investigated the effectiveness and cost effectiveness
of needle and syringe programs in relation to HIV/AIDS
|
|
Health Outcomes International Ltd. in association with the National
Centre for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research andPprofessor Michael
Drummond, Centre of Health Economics, York University 2002
|
| |
|
The economic and
social costs of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000
|
|
Estimates of the economic and social costs of Class A drug use in England
and Wales are an important addition to the growing evidence base supporting
the Government’s anti-drugs strategy. This information is valuable both
for policy makers and for directing future research into what works in
reducing illicit drug consumption, not least in terms of crime reduction
and value for money
Christine Godfrey Gail Eaton Cynthia McDougall and Anthony Culyer
Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate 2002 ISBN
1 84082 874 9 ISSN 0072 6435
|
|
|
|
The Economic Impact of the
Illicit Drug Industry
|
|
In December 2003 the TNI Crime & Globalisation project hosted a
seminar on The Economic Impact of the Illicit Drug Industry. The goal
of the seminar was to re-view the substance of the existing figures of
the global business volume of the illegal drug industry and the notion
of where the illegal proceeds of the industry are going. Issues discussed
included: the size of the illicit drug economy, money laundering, the
flows, investments and presence of drugs money in the legal economy and
its alleged funding of international terrorism.
|
|
Transnational Institute
|
| |
|
The
Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992–2002
|
|
ONDCP
|
| |
|
Counting
the cost: estimates of the social costs of drug abuse in Australia
1998-1999
|
|
Collins, D.J., Lapsley, H.M., (2002)
|
| |
|
International
Guidelines for Estimating the Economic Costs of Substances Abuse
|
|
Single et Al. (2001) [Word document]
|
| |
|
The
economic and social costs of class A drug use in England and Wales,
2000
|
|
Godfrey, C., Eaton, G. McDougall, C, Culyer, A. (2002) [Home Office,
UK]
|
| |
|
The
Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992-1998
|
|
Office of National Drug Control Policy, (2002)
|
| |
|
The economic and
social costs of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000
|
|
The main findings from the study provide the first real evidence that
costs are mostly associated with problematic drug use and drug-related
crime, in particular acquisitive crime. In addition, significant cost
consequences are identified for health care services, the criminal justice
system and state benefits.
Christine Godfrey Gail Eaton Cynthia McDougall and Anthony Culyer
Home Office Research Study 249
|
| |
|
The
Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States - 1992-1998
|
|
This report was developed for The Office of National Drug Control Policy
(ONDCP) which asked The Lewin Group to calculate more current estimates
of the societal cost of drug abuse. In the context of this report, the
phrase “drug abuse” is used to refer to consequences of using illicit
drugs, as well as societal costs pertaining to the enforcement of drug
laws. This study does not address costs related to abuse of or dependence
on legal substances that may be termed drugs such as alcohol, tobacco,
or prescription medications
|
|
Publication Number 190636 ONDCP
|
| |
|
Poor Prescription:
The Cost of Imprisoning Drug Offenders in the United States.
|
|
As America entered the new millennium we culminated the most punishing
decade in our nation’s history. While the number of persons in jail and
prison grew by 462,006 in the seven decades from 1910 to 1980, in the
1990s alone, the number of jail and prison inmates grew by an estimated
816,965.The cost of this massive growth in incarceration is staggering.
Americans will spend nearly $40 billion on prisons and jails in the year
2000. Almost $24 billion of that will go to incarcerate 1.2 million nonviolent
offenders.4 Meanwhile, in two of our nation’s largest states, California
and New York, the prison budgets outstripped the budgets for higher education
during the mid-1990s.
Schiraldi, V., Holman, B., & Beatty, P.
Justice Policy Institute. 2000
|
|
|
|
The Benefits and
Costs of Drug Use Prevention
|
|
Clarifying a Cloudy Issue
Research brief RB-6007, 1999 RAND
|
| |
|
Are Mandatory
Minimum Drug Sentences Cost-Effective?
|
|
Research brief, RB-6003, 1997 RAND
|
| |
|
Projecting Future
Cocaine Use and Evaluating Control Strategies
|
|
Each year, the United States spends large sums of money at all levels
of government to battle cocaine use. By 1992, this annual sum had reached
$13 billion. Is this the most effective way to spend the money?
Research brief RB-6002, 1994 RAND
|
|
|
|
Keeping Score:
The Frailties of the Federal Drug Budget
|
|
Total federal government expenditures for antidrug activities have become
a centerpiece in the national debate on drug policy ... Given the prominent
role that federal budget figures have come to play in the policy debate,
it is noteworthy that few have paid any attention to their origins.
Patrick Murphy, issue paper, IP-138, 1994 RAND
|
| |
